Martyrdom
The arrests at Kyrillov took place amid the confiscation of church property and the rising hostility of the new Soviet authorities toward the Church. The life of Abbess Seraphima relates that, before his arrest, when warned that the convent might be denounced, Bishop Barsanuphius replied that he did not fear a violent death but dared not think the Lord would find him worthy of a martyr's death.
By the same account, the abbess was taken to prison in the early hours of the morning, and shortly afterward the bishop, the abbess, and four laymen were led out together to be shot. The tradition relates that the bishop was killed while praying with his hands raised toward Heaven. The exact biographical details of his earlier life are not preserved in the readily available sources, which focus on his death.