Venerable (Monastic) 15th century

Venerable Euphrosynus Abbot of Pskov

c. 1386 – 1481

Also known as Euphrosynus of Pskov · Eleazar

A Russian monastic founder who withdrew to the wilderness near Pskov and gathered a brotherhood, becoming a guide of many in the spiritual life.

Feast Day
May 15
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Commemorated as

Our Venerable Father Euphrosynus, Abbot and Wonderworker of Pskov

Life

Euphrosynus of Pskov (c. 1386–1481), known in the world as Eleazar, was a fifteenth-century Russian monastic founder who withdrew to the wilderness near Pskov and gathered a brotherhood that became the Spaso-Eleazar (Spaso-Yelizarovsky) Monastery. Born in the village of Videlebye near Pskov, he was tonsured at the Snetogorsk monastery and, around 1425, settled in solitude on the Tolva River, where his reputation as a guide of the spiritual life drew numerous disciples.

He is remembered both as the father of a wide circle of Pskov-region monastic founders and as a figure in the medieval Russian controversy over how many times the word "Alleluia" should be sung. He reposed at an advanced age in 1481 and was numbered among the saints by the Russian Church in the mid-sixteenth century.

Timeline 6 moments Read Hide
  1. c. 1386 Birth near Pskov Born Eleazar in the village of Videlebye near Pskov. His parents wished him to marry, but he instead withdrew to monastic life.
  2. Early life Tonsure at Snetogorsk He was tonsured a monk at the Snetogorsk monastery, situated on Snyatni hill (now within Pskov), receiving the name Euphrosynus.
  3. c. 1425 Hermitage on the Tolva River With his spiritual father's blessing he settled in solitude on the Tolva River near Pskov. By tradition the Three Holy Hierarchs appeared to him and indicated a place to build a church; disciples gathered and a community formed.
  4. 1447 Church of the Three Holy Hierarchs At the brethren's request he built a church in honor of the Three Holy Hierarchs and of Saint Onouphrios the Great; the monastery later received the name Spaso-Eleazar.
  5. May 15, 1481 Repose He reposed at the advanced age of about ninety-five and was buried in the monastery he had founded.
  6. 1549/1551 Glorification He was numbered among the saints at a mid-sixteenth-century Moscow council (variously cited as the Makaryev council of 1549 or the Stoglav council of 1551).

Contributions & Legacy

3 contributions Read Hide

Monastic Foundation and Rule

Out of humility Euphrosynus declined to become igoumen of the community he had gathered, nominating instead his disciple Ignatius for the office. He compiled a monastic rule for the brotherhood, characterized in the sources as offering rather general advice for monks rather than detailed regulation.

His monastery became a seedbed for monasticism across the Pskov region. Among his disciples who themselves founded or led monasteries were Savva of Krypetsk, Dositheos of Verkhneostrov, Onouphrios of Malsk, Joachim of Opochsk, Hilarion of Gdovsk, and Chariton of Kudinsk.

The Alleluia Controversy

Euphrosynus is associated with a medieval Russian dispute over whether "Alleluia" should be sung twice or three times in liturgical prayer. He upheld the twofold practice against those, such as a priest named Job, who advocated singing it three times.

According to the tradition, he traveled to Constantinople in the 1420s to seek a resolution and received support for the twofold usage. The question remained contested in Russian practice for generations, and the threefold form eventually prevailed in the wider Church.

Testament and Legacy

His last testament is reported to survive on parchment, bearing the lead seal of Archbishop Theophilus of Novgorod, and is described as one of very few surviving wills written by a Russian ascetic in his own hand.

He is commemorated on May 15, the day of his repose, and traditionally also on the third Sunday after Pentecost among the saints of the Pskov region.

Sources: OCA Synaxarion (oca.org), Lives of the Saints